Stone Age And Indus Valley Civilization (Sindhu Ghati Sabhayta)

ANCIENT AGE

STONE AGE ( 7600-3300 BC)

Ancient age generally starts from the stone age. Stone age is also known as South Asian Stone Age. The stone age is divided into three parts:

1. Paleolithic Age
2. Mesolithic Age
3. Neolithic Age

• Rise of Homo Sapiens in South Asia has been Found in the caves of Batadombalna and Belilena in Sri Lanka.
• Neolithic age starts from Mehargarh (West Pakistan)

HOMO ERECTUS:

Homo Erectus is an ancient, extinct species of hominid. (hominid- Early Human or Starting of Human from Chimps)

HOMO ERECTUS

Homo Erectus lived in Northern Punjab in Pakistan near Soan River.

Beginnings used by Homo Erectus:

- Biface Hand Axe

- Use of Achelian

- Chopper

-Chopping Tools

HOMO SAPIENS

RISE OF HOMO SAPIENS: 

• Proof Found in Cave sites in Sri Lanka
• They also lived in Belan of South UP.
• Famous for Paleolithic Rock Art, Cave Paintings.

Tools Used by Homo Sapiens:
- Chert
- Jasper
- Quartzite

Tools Used by Homo Sapiens

NEOLITHIC AGE:

It’s the final stage of cultural evolution or technological developments among ancient humans.

Neolithic Age Tools

It was characterized by stone tools used for polishing, grinding, chipped stone for hunting.

Evidence in India:
- Lahuradewa at Middle Ganga Region
- Maharashtra
- Bhopal

EVOLUTION OF HOMOSAPIENS:

EVOLUTION OF MAN

PREHISTORIC SITE OF STONE AGE INDIA:

INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION (3300-1700 BC) :

Indus valley civilization is also known as Harappa civilization or Bronze Age Civilization.

Founder : Dayaram Sahni in 1921 AD on order of Sir John Marshal . Dayaram Sahni was born in Pakistan.

BRONZE AGE :

Main Center: Mohanjodaro, kalibanga, lothal, dholavera, rakhigadi and Harappa.

IMPORTANT CITIES:

- Afghanistan
- Shoturgoyi
- Mundigaok

Pakistan
- Harappa
- Mohanjoddaro
- Chanhudro
- Sutkaged nor
- Balakot
- Kot dijo
- Allahdinno

India
- Gujrat
- Harayana
- Punjab
- Maharashtra
- Uttar Pradesh
- Jammu Kashmir
- Rajasthan

CITIES DEVELOPMENT:

1. Uses bricks for making houses.
2. Roads were made at 90 degree angles.
3. Mohenjo-Daro was discovered by Rakhal Das Benarji.
4. Mohanjodaro had high buildings than Harappa.
5. Mohanjodaro had great bath.
6. Harappa have 6 food stores.
7. Agriculture and animal husbandry is the main source of income.

Favorite Animal: Humped Bull
Favorite Crop: Wheat

Script of Sindhu Ghati :

Brustofedam

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KEYPOINTS:

1. Cotton was firstly yield here in the world.
2. Cotton is also known as Sinden in Greek and this civilization is also known as Sindan Civilization.
3. Worship of Pashupatinath, Mahadeva, Linga, Yoni, Earth, Trees and Animals.