Syllabus for the Exam of Proof Reader to be conducted by HPRCA

A. Syllabus as per Essential Qualification

I. SOCIAL SCIENCE

1. HISTORY

i. Indian History:-

(a) Ancient Indian History –

The earliest Societies-Hunting & gathering as a way of life, its implications; introduction to stone tools and their use; Prehistory and Human Civilization: Paleolithic Age, Mesolithic Age and Neolithic Age; The Copper age, The Bronze Age and The Iron Age; The Indus Valley Civilization: Principal archaeological sites, urban planning, external and internal trade, artistic achievements, industries and crafts, social stratification. Pre-Vedic and Vedic Culture; Religious Movements; Mauryan Empire; The Shakas, The Kushanas, The Satavahanas; Sangam Age : - The Cholas, The Pandya, The Cheras; The Guptas Age; The Post-Guptas Age : The Harshavardhana.

(b) History of Medieval India : -

Turkish invasion in India: - Muhammad bin Qasim, Mahmud of Ghazni, and Muhammad Ghori; The Delhi Sultanate: - The Mamluk (Slave), Khilji, Tughlaq, Sayyad, and Lodi dynasties; Religious Movements: - Sufi movement, Chishti order; The Bhakti Movement: - Shankara, Ramanujacharya, Madhvacharya, Namdev, Gnyaneshwar, Kabir, Guru Nanak, Ravidas, Tulsidas, Surdas, Mirabai and Chaitanya; Mughal Empire; Maratha Empire; Rise of Sikh Empire.

(c) History of Modern India : -

Arrival of European Companies in India; Governor Generals of Bengal; Viceroys of India; Provincial Autonomous States of India and their conflicts with European trading companies; Economic impact of British rule in India; Land settlement during British rule; Revolt of 1857; Social and Religious Reform Movements; National Freedom Movement : - Indian National Congress, Partition of Bengal, Swadeshi and Swaraj, Muslim League, Partition in Congress, Lucknow Pact, Home Rule League, Champaran Movement, Montague August Declaration, Kheda Satyagraha, Ahmadabad Satyagraha, Rowlett Act, Jallianwala Bagh Massacre, The Khilafat Movement, Non-Cooperation Movement, Swaraj party, Simon Commission, Nehru Report, Zinna Formula, Bardoli Satyagraha, Congress Lahore Session, Dandi March and eleven Demands of Gandhiji, Civil Disobedience Movement, Round-table Conferences, Gandhi-Irvin Pact, Communal Award, Poona Pact, Revolutionary Nationalist Movements of Bhagat Singh, Chandrashekhar Azad, and Subhas Chandra Bose etc., Provincial elections in British India, August Proposal, Demand for a Separate Pakistan, Kripps Mission, Quit India Movement, C. Rajgopalachari Formula, Wavell Plan, Shimla Conference, Cabinet Mission, Mountbatten Plan; Constitutional Development in India: - Regulating Act 1773, Pitt's India Act 1784, Charter Act of 1793, Charter Act of 1813, Charter Act of 1833, Charter Act of 1853, Government of India Act 1858, Indian Councils Act 1861, Indian Councils Act 1892, Indian Councils Act, 1909 – Morley-Minto Reforms, Government of India Act 1935, Cripps Mission – 1942, Cabinet Mission – 1946, Indian Independence Act – 1947.

ii. European History:-

French Revolution, Industrial Revolution, Unification of Germany, Unification of Italy, First World War, League of Nations, Russian revolution and Socialism, Fascism in Italy, Nazism in Germany, Second-world War, United Nations Organization.

2. GEOGRAPHY

India – Size and Location, India & the world, India’s neighbors
Physical Features of India:
- Major Physiographic divisions: Himalayan mountains, northern plains, peninsular plateau, Indian desert, coastal plains, Islands
Drainage:
- Concept, drainage system in India
- The Himalayan Rivers: Ganga & Brahmaputra River system
- The Peninsular Rivers: Narmada Basin, Tapti Basin, Godavari Basin, Mahanadi basin, Krishna basin, Kaveri basin
Climate:
- Concept, Climatic Controls, Factors influencing India’s climate – Latitude, Altitude, Pressure and Winds (excluding Jet Streams and Western Cyclonic Disturbances)
- Seasons – Cold Weather Season, Hot Weather Season, Advancing Monsoon, Retreating/Post Monsoons, Distribution of Rainfall, Monsoon as a Unifying Bond
Natural Vegetation:
- Types: Tropical Evergreen Forests, Tropical Deciduous Forests, Thorn Forests and Shrubs, Mountain Forests, Mangrove Forests, and Wildlife
Population:
- Population Size and Distribution by Numbers and Density, Population Growth and Processes of Population Change
India's physical environment, resources, and economy:
- Resources and Development, Forest and Wildlife Resources, Water Resources, Agriculture, Minerals and Energy Resources, Manufacturing Industries, Lifelines of the National Economy, Multipurpose river projects
Universe and Solar System
Lithosphere and Rocks; Rocks and their types; Volcano; Earthquake; Landforms (Mountains, Plateaus, Plains)
Agriculture and Food Crops; Cropping pattern; Forests and Types of Forests; Minerals; Sources of Power/Energy; Industries and Occupations; Transport and Communication; Rain water harvesting; Land use pattern in India; Land degradation and conservation measures
Types of farming: primitive, subsistence, intensive subsistence, commercial

3. ECONOMICS

Development:
- What development promises
- Different people, different goals, income & other goals
- National development
- How to compare different countries or states: income and other criteria, public facilities
- Sustainability of development
Sectors of the Indian economy:
- Sectors of economic activities: primary, secondary and tertiary sectors in India
- Division of sectors as organized and unorganized sectors in terms of ownership: public and private sectors
Money and Credit:
- Money as a medium of exchange
- Modern forms of Money
- Loan activities of Banks
- Two different Credit situations
- Terms of Credit
- Formal Sector Credit in India, Self Help Groups for the Poor
Globalization and the Indian Economy:
- Production across countries
- Interlinking production across countries
- Foreign Trade and integration of markets
- Globalization and factors enabling it
- World Trade Organization
- Impact of Globalization in India
- The Struggle for a fair Globalization
Understanding Economic Development:
- Sectors of the Indian Economy, Money and Credit, Globalization and the Indian Economy
- Consumer Rights
- Food security in India
- Challenges of poverty

4. POLITICAL SCIENCE

What is Democracy? Why Democracy?: feature & broader meaning
Constitutional Design: democratic constitution in South Africa; guiding values of the Indian Constitution & its need
Electoral Politics: our system of election, what makes elections in India democratic
Working of Institutions: how major policy decisions are taken; Parliament; Political executive; the Judiciary
Democratic Rights: life without rights, rights in a democracy, rights in Indian Constitution, expanding scope of rights
Constituent assembly; Preamble of Indian Constitution; Fundamental Rights and Duties; Directive Principles of state policy
Parliament and its two houses; Prime Minister and Council of Ministers; Judiciary at National Level, State and local level
President: Appointment and Powers; Vice-President: Appointment and Powers; State Legislative Assemblies; Chief Minister; Chief Minister, Council of Ministers and Powers; Governor: Appointment and Powers
Citizenship; Centre-state relations; Emergency provisions; Major Constitutional Amendments (From 1951 onwards)
Budget; Election commission of India; Local self-governments: Panchayats and Municipalities; Political parties; Finance Commission; Comptroller and Auditor General of India; Attorney General of India; Anti-defection Law; Official language; Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)
Caste; Patriarchy; Planned Economy; Social Movements
Democratic Politics: Power Sharing - Belgium & Sri Lanka, majoritarianism in Sri Lanka, Accommodation in Belgium, why power sharing is desirable, forms of power sharing
Federalism: what is federalism, what makes India a Federal country, how is federalism practiced, decentralization in India
Gender, Religion and Caste: gender & politics; Political Parties; Outcomes of Democracy

II. MATHEMATICS

Number Systems / Knowing Our Numbers / Real Numbers:
- Place value, face value; Indian & International numeration systems
- Reading, writing, comparing large numbers; Representation on number line; Estimation and rounding of numbers
- Natural numbers, whole numbers, integers: definitions and properties
- Prime and composite numbers; factors and multiples; Divisibility tests (2-11); HCF and LCM
- Rational numbers: representation, operations, decimal expansion
- Irrational numbers (√2, √3, etc.); classification of real numbers
- Laws of exponents (integral & fractional); Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic
- Converting between fractions, decimals, and percentages
- Squares, square roots, cubes, cube roots and related concepts
Whole Numbers, Integers, and Number Operations:
- Operations on whole numbers and integers
- Properties: commutative, associative, distributive; Rules of signs for integers; Absolute value
- Patterns in whole numbers; Word problems on integers and operations
Fractions, Decimals, and Percentages:
- Types of fractions and simplification; Equivalent fractions; Conversion between forms
- Operations on fractions and decimals; Percentage: fraction/decimal, increase/decrease
- Applications: discount, profit & loss, simple interest
Basic Algebra - Expressions, Factors, and Identities:
- Variables, constants, terms, coefficients, expressions
- Writing expressions from statements; Simplifying expressions
- Algebraic identities and applications; Factorisation methods (common factor, grouping, identities)
Polynomials:
- Definition, degree, and coefficients; Zero polynomial; zeroes and relationship with coefficients
- Remainder and Factor Theorems; Division algorithm for polynomials; Factorization and application problems
Linear Equations and Linear Equations in Two Variables:
- One-variable linear equations and word problems; Two-variable equations: general form and solutions
- Graphical representation; Graphical method of solution; Solving pairs by substitution, elimination
- Consistent/inconsistent/dependent systems; Applications: age, ratio, mixture problems
Quadratic Equations:
- Standard form and coefficients; Solution by factorisation, completing square, quadratic formula
- Discriminant and nature of roots; Relation between roots and coefficients
Arithmetic Progression (AP):
- Definition and common difference; n^th term and sum of n terms formulae
- Word problems on sequences
Ratio, Proportion, and Variation:
- Ratio and proportion basics; Continued, direct, and inverse proportion
- Percentage conversions and mixture problems
Basic Geometry:
- Points, Lines, and Angles: types of angles, adjacent, vertically opposite, linear pair angles
- Parallel lines and transversal; Intersecting and non-intersecting lines; Euclid's definitions, axioms and postulates
Triangles - Congruence, Similarity, and Properties:
- Types of triangles by sides and angles; Similarity criteria: AA, SSS, SAS
- Congruence criteria: SSS, SAS, ASA, AAS, RHS; Properties of isosceles and equilateral triangles
- Triangle inequality theorem; Areas of similar triangles; Pythagoras theorem and its converse
- Medians, altitudes, bisectors, perpendiculars
Quadrilaterals and Polygons:
- Types and properties: parallelogram, rectangle, rhombus, square, trapezium
- Conditions for quadrilaterals to be parallelogram; Diagonal properties; Midpoint theorem; Cyclic quadrilaterals
- Angle sum and exterior angle of polygon
Circles and areas related to circles:
- Circle terminology: chord, arc, sector, segment, tangent; Angle subtended by chord at centre
- Equal chords, perpendiculars from centre; Tangent properties; Lengths of tangents from external point
- Cyclic quadrilaterals; Circumference and area; Sector and segment: area and perimeter
Constructions (Compass and Straightedge):
- Bisecting lines and angles; Drawing perpendiculars and parallels
- Constructing triangles (SSS, SAS, ASA, RHS); Constructing similar triangles
Measurement (Area and Perimeter of Plane Figures):
- Perimeter and area of square, rectangle, parallelogram, triangle, trapezium
- Area of triangle by base-height and Heron's formula; Area of rhombus or kite (diagonals method)
- Area of polygons (regular and irregular) by decomposition; Area of combined plane figures (including circle sectors/segments)
Surface Areas and Volumes (Solids):
- Concept of surface area and volume; Cube, cuboid: formulas and applications
- Cylinder, cone, sphere, hemisphere; Combined solids and conversion (melting/recasting)
Coordinate Geometry:
- Cartesian plane and coordinates; Plotting points in four quadrants
- Distance formula; Section formula (internal division); Area of triangle by coordinates
Introduction to Trigonometry:
- Trigonometric ratios: sin, cos, tan; Reciprocal ratios: cosec, sec, cot
- Trigonometric identities; Complementary angle relationships
- Trigonometric ratio of angles (0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°); Simple proofs of identities
Applications of Trigonometry (Heights & Distances):
- Angle of elevation and depression; Word problems involving right triangles and heights/distances
Statistics - Data Handling:
- Data collection and representation; Frequency distribution (grouped and ungrouped)
- Graphical representation: bar graph, histogram, frequency polygon
- Mean, median, mode (discrete & grouped data); Cumulative frequency and quartiles; Interpretation of data
Probability:
- Experimental and theoretical probability; Probability as ratio of favourable to total outcomes
- Simple problems on coins, dice, and cards; Complementary events
Work & Time; Mensuration; Exponent of Power; Direct & Inverse proportion; Factorization

III. SCIENCE

Components of Food: What different food items contain; Tests for starch, protein, and fats; Role of nutrients; Balanced diet; Deficiency diseases.
Sorting Materials into Groups: Objects around us; Properties like appearance, hardness, solubility; Floating and sinking; Transparency.
Separation of Substances: Methods like handpicking, winnowing, sieving, sedimentation, decantation, filtration, evaporation.
Getting to Know Plants: Herbs, shrubs, trees; Stem, leaves, root, flower.
Body Movements: Human skeleton; Ball and socket joints, pivot joints, hinge joints, fixed joints; Animal movements (earthworm, snail, cockroach, birds, fish); Snake movement.
Living Organisms, Characteristics, and Habitat: Organisms and surroundings; Habitat and adaptation; Terrestrial and aquatic habitats; Characteristics of organisms.
Motion and Measurement of Distances: Standard units; Measuring curved lines; Types of motion.
Lights, Shadows, and Reflections: Transparent, opaque, and translucent objects; Shadows; Pin hole camera; Mirrors and reflections.
Electricity and Circuits: Electric cell; Bulb circuit; Electric switch; Conductors and insulators.
Fun with Magnets: Discovery of magnets; Magnetic and non-magnetic materials; Poles; Attraction and repulsion; Precautions.
Air Around Us: Presence of air; Composition; Oxygen availability in water and soil; Atmospheric oxygen replenishment.
Nutrition in Plants: Photosynthesis and other modes; Nutrient replenishment in soil.
Nutrition in Animals: Feeding methods; Digestion in humans, herbivores, amoeba.
Heat: Hot and cold; Measuring temperature; Heat transfer; Seasonal clothing.
Acids, Bases, and Salts: Natural indicators; Neutralization in daily life.
Physical and Chemical Changes: Physical changes, chemical changes; Rusting; Crystallization.
Respiration in Organisms: Breathing in humans and animals; Respiration under water; Plant respiration.
Reproduction in Plants: Seed dispersal.
Motion and Time: Speed; Measurement of time; Distance-time graphs.
Electric Current and Its Effects: Symbols of components; Heating and magnetic effects; Electromagnet; Electric bell.
Light: Straight-line propagation; Reflection; Spherical mirrors; Lenses; Sunlight.
Forests and Water Management: Forests as lifeline; Sewage treatment; Sanitation; Crop production and management; Irrigation; Harvesting; Storage.
Microorganisms: Friendly and harmful microorganisms; Food preservation; Nitrogen fixation and cycle.
Coal and Petroleum: Natural resources; Coal story; Petroleum refining; Natural gas.
Combustion and Flame: Combustion types; Flame structure; Fuel efficiency; Harmful effects (global warming, acid rain, deforestation).
Conservation of Plants and Animals: Deforestation causes and consequences; Wildlife conservation; National parks, sanctuaries, biosphere reserves; Flora and fauna; Endemic species; Red Data Book; Reforestation.
Reproduction in Animals: Sexual and asexual reproduction; Dolly the clone; Oviparous and viviparous animals; Metamorphosis; IVF.
Reaching Adolescence: Puberty changes; Secondary sexual characteristics; Hormonal roles; Sex determination; Reproductive health; Drug awareness.
Force and Pressure: Types of forces; Contact and non-contact forces; Pressure by liquids and gases; Atmospheric pressure.
Friction: Factors; Increasing/reducing friction; Fluid friction; Static, sliding, rotating friction.
Sound: Production; Propagation; Human ear; Amplitude, frequency, loudness, pitch; Noise pollution and mitigation; Hearing impairment.
Chemical Effects of Electric Current: Liquids conducting electricity; Electroplating.
Natural Phenomena: Lightning; Static electricity; Types of charges; Earthquake; Protection.
Matter in Our Surroundings: States of matter; Elements, compounds, mixtures; Atoms and molecules; Atomic models; Isotopes.
Fundamental Unit of Life: Cell structure; Organelles; Cell division; Tissues; Food resources improvement (crop and animal farming).
Motion: Distance, displacement, speed, velocity; Graphs of motion.
Force and Laws of Motion: Newton's laws; Inertia; Momentum.
Gravitation: Universal Law of Gravitation; Mass; Weight; Archimedes' principle.
Work and Energy: Work; Kinetic and potential energy; Conservation of energy.
Chemistry & Life Processes: Chemical reactions; Acids, bases, salts; Metals and non-metals; Carbon compounds; Life processes; Reproduction; Heredity; Evolution; Light (reflection and refraction); Human eye; Electricity; Magnetic effects; Environment.

IV. ENGLISH

Reading Comprehension
Word Power
The Sentence: Subject and Predicates
Articles, Number, Gender, Punctuation
Comprehension
Noun, Pronoun, Verb (Finite and Non-finite)
Adverb, Adjective, Preposition, Conjunction, Interjection
Error Correction and Sentence Rearrangement
Vocabulary, Antonyms, Synonyms
Tenses, Subject-Verb Agreement
Idioms, Modals, Active Voice & Passive Voice
Change of Narration: Direct and Indirect
Phrases and Clauses
One Word Substitution
Transformation of Sentences

V. HINDI

भाषा-व्याकरण एवं लिपि का परिचय; वर्ण विचार एवं अक्षरिक खंड; शब्द विचार

(क) परिभाषा के आधार पर (तत्सम, तद्भव, देशज, विदेशी), रचना के आधार पर, प्रयोग के आधार पर, अर्थ के आधार पर।

(ख) विकारी— संज्ञा, सर्वनाम, क्रिया, विशेषण; अविकारी— क्रिया-विशेषण, संबंध बोधक, समुच्चय बोधक, विस्मयादिबोधक; पद परिचय; शब्द शक्तियाँ; शब्द रूपांतरण— लिंग, वचन, कारक, काल, वाच्य; संधि, समास, उपसर्ग, प्रत्यय; वाक्य विचार, अर्थ विचार (पर्याय, विलोम, वाक्यांश के लिए एक शब्द, समानार्थी); विराम चिह्न; शुद्धिकरण (शब्द शुद्धि, वाक्य शुद्धि); मुहावरे एवं लोकोक्तियाँ; अलंकार।

VI. COMPUTER

Computer Graphics: Introduction to computers, types of computers, history & evolution, applications.
Hardware: Input/output devices, processor, ports, cables, storage devices.
Software: Introduction to Windows, Internet Explorer, MS-Office, PDF maker, file management.

VII. PROOF READING

Fundamentals of Proofreading & Marking: Difference between editing and proofreading; Proofreader’s marks; Markup techniques; Terminology.
Grammar, Punctuation, and Mechanics: Punctuation (commas, semicolons, hyphens, dashes, quotation marks); Grammar (subject-verb, noun-pronoun agreement, sentence structure); Spelling; Common errors.
Style Guides and Editorial Standards: Chicago, MLA; House style; Consistency checks.
Specialized Marking & Technical Skills: Typesetting errors; Reference checking; Accuracy check.
Professional Practice: Proofreading strategies (reading backwards, aloud, checklists); Workflow & deadlines; Freelancing.
Proofreading Techniques and Strategies: Multi-step process; Reading techniques; Style and consistency; Footnotes.
Tools and Formats / Professional Practice: Standard symbols, working with authors/editors, understanding context, meaning, clarity.

B. GENERAL AWARENESS

General Knowledge: including Himachal Pradesh
Current Affairs
Everyday Science
Logical Reasoning

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